![]() ![]() The theory of planned behavior (TPB) has been used successfully in predicting and making sense of several health-related behaviors including tobacco smoking. Currently, there is no conceptual model that takes into account all the above-mentioned variables in cessation. Social media is another effective factor in WTS cessation. A study reported that perceived behavioral control over smoking cessation is a central mechanism underlying the relationship between nicotine dependence and intention to cease WTS. Intention to cease WTS among smokers is a strong predictor of actual attempts to cease WTS. Psychosocial problems are a leading cause of smoking, so theory-based interventions with a focus on self-efficacy, motivation, beliefs and knowledge of consumers to cease smoking have a significant effect. Systematic and effective interventions can be developed based on these variables. ![]() It is believed that learning about the predictors of WT cessation can be vital step in helping women to stop WTS. The high prevalence of WTS in women, on the one hand, and its side effects, on the other hand, make it more essential than ever to stop this unhealthy habit. WTC in women is associated with an increased risk of early menopause, decreased bone density, infertility, ectopic pregnancy, increased disease and infant mortality, intrauterine growth restriction, and an increase in some chromosomal incompatibilities and genital warts. At the same time, the side effects of WTC are more in women than in men. Waterpipe smoking is associated with consequences such as lung disease, adverse Covid-19 outcomes, myocardial infarction, stroke. In another study in Hormozgan Province, 28.4% of men and 45.2% of women smoked WT. Among women in the south of Iran, this rate has been reported to range between 10.3% and 16.8%. Within Iran, in Hormozgan Province, in the south of Iran, the rate of WTC was reported to be 10.3%, which is 9 to 10 times as high as other provinces. The rate of WTC is 8.7% among Eastern Mediterranean women, 4% among Lebanese women, 4% among Pakistani women and up to 16.8% among Iranian women. The global prevalence of WTC among women has been reported to be 41%. A population with a high rate of WTS is women. In Iran, the prevalence of WTS has increased significantly, too. Eastern Mediterranean regions have the highest prevalence of WTS, which has been on the rise in the last two decades. WTS has been raised as an important global issue, especially in Eastern Mediterranean countries such as Arab countries, Turkey and Iran. Goza, oriented pipe, Hubble bubble, Mada’s and glaze base. The other common names for waterpipe are hookah, shisha, narghile, arghile. Yet, waterpipe smoking (WTS) is also common and accounts for a significant and growing share of tobacco use globally. Focusing on the habit variable can play a critical role in waterpipe cessation in women.Ĭigarette smoking is the dominant form of tobacco consumption in many countries. The knowledge obtained from this research can help develop a systematic and effective intervention to facilitate waterpipe cessation. The present research confirmed the effectiveness of the TPB model in predicting waterpipe cessation behavior. In the model where the habit construct was present, the accuracy, sensitivity, and pseudo R2 indices were 95.69%, 77.31%, and 65%, respectively and after removing the habit construct, the so-called indices changed to 90.7%, 50.38% and 0.44%, respectively. With an increase of one score in perceived control, the odds of cessation increased by 16% (0.000) and inhabit score, the odds of cessation decrease by 37% (0.000). in social norms, the odds of cessation are 0.02% (0.001). With an increase of one score for intention, the odds of cessation are 26% (0.000). Also, with an increase of one score in knowledge, the odds of cessation are increased by 0.05% (0.008). With an increase in one attitude score, the odds of cessation increased by 31% ( p < 0.001). The data were analyzed statistically in STATA14.2. Multivariate logistic regression analysis was run to model the predictor constructs of WT smoking. The three-part questionnaire includes demographic information, behavioral information of WT smoking, and the constructs of the TPB along with an additional habit construct. Data were collected through a reliable and valid questionnaire. This cross-sectional analytical study was conducted in 2021–2022 using a multi-stratified cluster sampling on 1,764 women in Bandar Abbas, southern Iran. ![]() Present study aimed to explore the predictors of WT cessation in the light of the theory of planned behavior (TPB). Today, waterpipe (WT) smoking is a rising issue worldwide, and has taken a significant and growing share of tobacco consumption in the world. ![]()
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